{"id":56,"date":"2021-07-11T13:39:38","date_gmt":"2021-07-11T17:39:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iterudio.com\/?p=56"},"modified":"2021-07-11T13:39:38","modified_gmt":"2021-07-11T17:39:38","slug":"the-business-of-motion-pictures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iterudio.com\/?p=56","title":{"rendered":"The business of motion pictures &#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>First principles<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p>In the category of &#8220;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/first%20principles\" target=\"_blank\">first principles<\/a>&#8221; put &#8220;healthy competition is good for everyone.&#8221;<br \/><br \/>To be clear &#8211; saying &#8220;HEALTHY COMPETITION is good&#8221; implies that there is such a thing as &#8220;unhealthy competition.&#8221; <\/p>\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Healthy competition&#8221; &#8211; is a version of the classic &#8220;win-win&#8221; scenario. Ok, obviously in many\/most &#8220;competitions&#8221; someone &#8220;wins&#8221; and someone else &#8220;loses&#8221; &#8211; so we have to expand the &#8220;concept&#8221; of winning to include &#8220;short term winning&#8221; and &#8220;long term winning&#8221;. <\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>Storytime<\/strong> &#8211; <em>short term win vs long term success<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<p>Examples from the &#8220;world of sport&#8221; should be obvious &#8211; e.g. that &#8220;young talented team&#8221; that gets blown out by the &#8220;experienced champion team&#8221; obviously didn&#8217;t win <em>THAT GAME<\/em>.  If that &#8220;young team&#8221; learned that they need to put in the practice time\/effort to improve themselves &#8211; then <em>THEY<\/em> might be a championship team down the road. <\/p>\n\n\n<p>When\/if that happens players\/coaches might look back and say, &#8220;it all really started when we got blown out by &#8216;so and so&#8217; and learned how much we needed to improve to be a championship team&#8221; &#8212; again, <em>short term win<\/em> vs <em>long term <\/em>win\/success.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>Disruption<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p>Of course, our hypothetical &#8220;young talented team&#8221; isn&#8217;t going to enjoy getting taught the lesson. If that team responds by saying &#8220;the game isn&#8217;t fair&#8221; or &#8220;we stink and will never be as good as those guys&#8221; &#8211; then the result of the hypothetical sport-game above was truly win\/lose.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Sports cliches aside &#8211; switching to a &#8220;business industry competition&#8221; point of view. Competition is usually good for the consumer but always &#8220;disruptive&#8221; for companies.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>If that &#8220;disruption&#8221; causes companies to improve their products and services &#8211; then we end up with a true &#8220;win\/win&#8221; scenario.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>Motion picture industry disruption<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p>SO the &#8220;motion picture&#8221; industry has survived multiple &#8220;major disruptive events&#8221; in its 120+ year history.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>The first &#8220;motion pictures&#8221; were short novelty films sold via <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/nickelodeon\" target=\"_blank\">nickelodeons<\/a> &#8211; i.e. an individual put a nickel in the machine, then watched the short film through a viewing port.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Thomas Edison is said to have opposed the development of a &#8220;projector&#8221; (where an audience could all watch the same film at the same time) because it would &#8220;kill the motion picture industry.&#8221;<br \/><br \/>Mr Edison was probably correct &#8211; the projector &#8220;killed&#8221; the nickelodeon film market. The disruption in the market spurred demand for longer narrative features &#8211; i.e. &#8220;motion pictures&#8221; moved from &#8220;novelty&#8221; to &#8220;story telling.&#8221;<br \/><br \/>Then in the late 1920&#8217;s the motion picture industry was disrupted by &#8220;sound.&#8221; If you were a silent movie star &#8211; you probably thought that &#8220;sound&#8221; killed the motion picture industry.<br \/><br \/>Then in the 1950&#8217;s &#8220;television&#8221; came along and disrupted the motion picture industry again. <br \/><br \/>Easy to forget in 2021 is that the old &#8220;studio system&#8221; ended in 1948 (United States v. Paramount) &#8211; which much more than television &#8220;disrupted&#8221; the motion picture industry. <br \/><br \/>HOWEVER, you can make a good argument that &#8220;television&#8221; wouldn&#8217;t have had the actors\/directors\/writers\/other technical talent to create that &#8220;golden age of American television&#8221; if the old &#8220;studio system&#8221; was still in place. <\/p>\n\n\n<p>The &#8220;small screen&#8221; didn&#8217;t have the prestige of &#8220;the movies.&#8221; If given the choice between being a &#8220;movie star&#8221; or a &#8220;television star&#8221; &#8211; my guess is that most &#8220;talent&#8221; would choose &#8220;movie star.&#8221; BUT if the choice was between &#8220;starving&#8221; and &#8220;working in television&#8221; &#8211; well, that choice is obvious as well &#8230;<br \/><br \/>Television also didn&#8217;t have the big production and DISTRIBUTION costs of &#8220;the movies.&#8221; Which illustrates how &#8220;competition&#8221; was good for the average consumer (more &#8220;entertainment&#8221; choices), good for a great number of talented individuals, but bad for the &#8220;big movie business studio status quo.&#8221;<br \/><br \/>Off the top of my head &#8211; other disruptors: <\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>the &#8220;production code&#8221; ended in the late 1960&#8217;s. In 1968-ish the age based &#8220;ratings&#8221; system was introduced.<\/li><li>&#8220;cable tv&#8221;\/&#8221;pay tv&#8221; in general &#8211; HBO started in 1972<\/li><li>disruption can come from &#8220;within&#8221; the industry as well &#8211; e.g. the &#8220;summer blockbuster&#8221; was accidently created in 1975 when &#8220;Jaws&#8221; ran into production problems and couldn&#8217;t be released until &#8220;summer&#8221;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<p><strong>Streaming<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p>Once again the history of the &#8220;internet&#8221; is a story that can be told many ways. <\/p>\n\n\n<p>With the caveat that putting an exact date on any &#8220;disruption&#8221; is problematic:<\/p>\n\n\n<p>This time around I&#8217;ll point out that the &#8220;<em>internet as industry changing disruption<\/em>&#8221; first hit the financial markets (mid 1990s) with the availability of &#8220;stock&#8221; information and then the &#8220;online brokerages.&#8221; THEN the music industry was <em>disrupted<\/em> (late 1990s) by a combination of Napster\/peer to peer file sharing and the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/legislation\/dmca.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">DMCA<\/a>.<br \/><br \/>In 2006 Google acquired YouTube (a story for another time) &#8211; but as I remember it &#8220;video streaming&#8221; was on everybody&#8217;s radar as the &#8220;next big thing.&#8221;<br \/><br \/>SO in 2007 when Netflix offered a &#8220;streaming movies&#8221; option it was really just the &#8220;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/wait_for_the_other_shoe_to_drop\" target=\"_blank\">other shoe dropping<\/a>&#8220;. <\/p>\n\n\n<p>In 2007 the streaming options were about being &#8220;on demand.&#8221; i.e. &#8220;streaming&#8221; in 2007 was a disruptor to &#8220;television&#8221; NOT to &#8220;the movies.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>the cinema experience<br \/><\/strong>Then 2020 happened and COVID-19 lockdowns forced movie theaters to shutdown. <br \/><br \/>To be honest I don&#8217;t think it has ever been &#8220;easy&#8221; to be in the &#8220;movie theater&#8221; business. Technology disrupting the &#8220;theater business&#8221; is another post &#8211; but again for the most part the disruptions have been &#8220;win\/win.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n<p>From a <em>THEATER<\/em> point of view &#8211; the movies are almost a &#8220;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/loss%20leader\" target=\"_blank\">loss leader<\/a>.&#8221; The typical theater makes much more money off of selling popcorn\/concessions than they do from ticket sales.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>SO (again in general) what the theater is selling is the &#8220;<em>movie going experience<\/em>&#8221; &#8211; i.e. Something that you can&#8217;t replicate at home &#8211; whether that is from renting a DVD or paying for a &#8220;streaming option.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>&#8230; me thinking out loud &#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p>From a profit and loss\/return on investment point of view &#8211; the folks doing best are probably the &#8220;second run&#8221; theaters. <\/p>\n\n\n<p>Once upon a time &#8211; in the &#8220;pre digital&#8221; world &#8211; the &#8220;second run&#8221; theaters got the &#8220;movie film canisters&#8221; AFTER the &#8220;first run theaters&#8221; had shown the movie for several weeks. <\/p>\n\n\n<p>Since the physical film degrades slightly each time the film is run through the projector &#8211; the &#8220;second run theater&#8221; was also a &#8220;second class&#8221; viewing experience &#8211; and so the ticket prices were also much lower BUT the price of concessions were not much lower.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Remember video tape and then DVDs were only a minor disruptor for &#8220;theaters.&#8221; For the &#8220;movie industry&#8221; video tapes and DVDs became another lucrative market &#8211; to the point where it became rare for &#8220;big Hollywood movies&#8221; to lose money (subject for another post \ud83d\ude09 )<br \/><br \/> My point is that the primary demographics for &#8220;second run theaters&#8221; is (probably) &#8220;younger folks looking to go out.&#8221; The movie is almost a secondary concern, spending time with friends\/socializing the goal.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Back in days of &#8220;video rental chains&#8221; it was common for a movie to be available to rent for home viewing while the movie was being shown in &#8220;second run&#8221; theaters. <\/p>\n\n\n<p>Whatever the demographic differences between the two market segments &#8211; there were people that would rent the movie and watch it at home, and there were also people that would pay to see it in the &#8220;second run theater.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n<p>(btw: if you want to &#8220;watch\/examine\/interpret&#8221; the movie &#8211; then home viewing is always better. if you want the movie &#8220;experience&#8221; &#8211;  that is better in a theater)<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>td;dr<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<p>If someone want to say that &#8220;streaming&#8221; killed Blockbuster\/Hollywood video &#8211; I&#8217;ll agree with that. <\/p>\n\n\n<p>HOWEVER &#8211; &#8220;streaming&#8221; is good for the motion picture industry in general. Disruptive, yes &#8211; but still &#8220;good.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>First principles In the category of &#8220;first principles&#8221; put &#8220;healthy competition is good for everyone.&#8221; To be clear &#8211; saying &#8220;HEALTHY COMPETITION is good&#8221; implies that there is such a thing as &#8220;unhealthy competition.&#8221; &#8220;Healthy competition&#8221; &#8211; is a version of the classic &#8220;win-win&#8221; scenario. Ok, obviously in many\/most &#8220;competitions&#8221; someone &#8220;wins&#8221; and someone else [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,6,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-56","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-business","category-history","category-movies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iterudio.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iterudio.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iterudio.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iterudio.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iterudio.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=56"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.iterudio.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iterudio.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=56"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iterudio.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=56"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iterudio.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=56"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}